Short term crisis - long term problem economic for HR Essay

Short term crisis - long term problem economic for HR - Essay Example According to the most recent statistics, approximately 264,000 youth in the country has been unemployed for a period not less than 12 months. Some of the proposed recommendations are that the government and all the involved stakeholders within the UK economy should develop long-term measures to address the problem. If the same situation is maintained, there is the likelihood that the unemployed youth will become men while at the same time being poorly qualified and unproductive. Such a situation would work against the economic growth of the nation that sometimes faces competence challenges in the workforce. One of the greatest challenge that the UK government faces in trying to address the problem is that almost a third of the unemployed youth in the country do not claim unemployment benefits. In such cases, the government is incapable of reaching out to such youth in order to help them secure employment. To further complicate the matter is that some of the youths in the country often find it hard to take the initial steps towards employment. In some cases, unemployment challenges among the youth are often attributed to the youth having unrealistic demands within the job market. While a similar situation may be replicated it the U.K, the challenge of job expectations is less significant considering the various factors that come into play when it comes to m unemployment among the youth in the UK. Some of the best ways of addressing the problem include; improving both local and national coordination to address the employment issue and increasing the part times jobs in the

Social Media Essay Example for Free

Social Media Essay A few years ago I jumped on the social media bandwagon after being introduced to it by my husband. I was always a little skeptical about social media because of all negative that I had heard about it. Now, I love it because there is a lot of positive about social media as far as I am concerned. Social media is an asset to marketing, and it is fun for personal use as well. I am fan of Facebook so I will discuss how it can direct consumers to a better source of purchasing. A Legally Astute Marketing Manager  According to our text a legally astute manger has four components; a set of value-laden attitudes about the importance of law to the firm’s success; a proactive approach to regulation and legal issues; the ability to exercise informed judgment when managing the legal aspects of business; the appropriate use of legal tools and context specific knowledge of the law (Bagley, 2013, p. 11). The legally astute social media marketing manager has to take those components a step further. The legally astute social media marketing manager must embrace social media and its networking power to drive sustainable change in the business world. In his book, We First: How Brands Consumers Use Social Media To Build A Better World, Simon Mainwaring shows how brands can leverage social media to build consumer goodwill, loyalty, and profit. One of the components of the legally astute manager stresses the importance of values. The We First value of accountability is what builds trust between institutions and the public and between brands and their consumers. Building trust helps the marketing manager take a proactive approach to regulation and legal issues. Trust is declining daily in today’s economy rapidly. According to the Edelman Trust Barometer, trust in American companies fell to an all-time low of 36 percent in 2009, but it rose to an unimpressive 54 percent in 2010. Companies must understand that they cannot by trust, but it must be earned and renewed. They can be easily exposed these days through social media if they fail to live up their promises. Goodwill is another component of accountability. Trust makes people want to buy from your company, and goodwill makes them want to recommend your company to others. The last element of accountability is transparency. Transparency means that individuals and companies must operate with honesty, credibility, and congruency between their words and deed. Transparency helps the manager stay focused on the law and the use of legal tools. It works against backroom deals, hidden agendas, false pretenses, and unethical conduct. All of these values of accountability help the legally astute social media marketing manager mitigate the risks involved in doing business in cyberspace (Mainwaring, 2011, pp. 82-83). Alternative Dispute Resolution Negotiation, mediation, and arbitration are methods of alternative dispute resolution procedures that can help companies maintain keep a relationship with an opposing party. Negotiation happens when the two opposing parties engage in give-and take to come to an agreement. Negotiation can be seen along different dimensions. It can be concerned for future or desired relationships or it can be seen to address past events that have caused disagreements. Mediation happens when parties agree to a solution with the help of a neutral third party. It is a cheaper alternative to a lawsuit, it costs less, and resolutions are speedy. Arbitration is the resolution of a dispute by an arbitrator, the neutral third party. It is the most formal alternative dispute resolution, and it is more like a trial. I think that mediation is most effective for resolving issues that arise with consumer who make purchases from businesses that provide links to social media. One reason why I chose mediation is because it is a flexible process, and it allows for different procedures, rules and structures. Mediation is an appropriate option when parties have a desire to settle their dispute, and they want to preserve their relationship. I think that Facebook would want to continue to grow as it is by the millions so mediation would a beneficial ADR for the company to use. The company’s need for privacy would also be a reason for it to use mediation to resolve any genuine disputes that may come about (Bagley, 2013, p. 67-71). Social Media Across State Lines State governments have general powers, also known as police power. These powers include the powers to protect the health, safety, welfare, and morals of state residents. The Eleventh Amendment immunizes states from lawsuits brought by individuals from another state or nation. There is a Supremacy Clause that makes federal laws supreme over state laws. The federal government should allow the states to have more control over how transactions that occur across state lines are handled. Managers can pursue change through political action committees and direct lobbying (Bagley, 2013, p. 92). Three Branches of Government There is a separation of powers within the federal government. The judicial branch, (the courts), the executive branch (the President and cabinet departments), and the legislative branch (the Congress) all make up the federal government. The Constitution provides the judiciary its power through Article I and Article III. Congress has the authority to establish federal courts through Article I and Article III provides the basis for federal courts judicial power. The President’s executive power is defined in Article II. The President has the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, and he has extensive power over foreign affairs. He can also appoint Justices of the U. S. Supreme Court with the advice and consent of the Senate. He also has the power to approve or disapprove acts of Congress. The Legislative Branch consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. They have the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among other states, spend to provide for the common defense and general welfare, coin money, establish post offices, levy and collect taxes, issue patents and copyrights, declare war, and raise and support armies. Congress can also make laws as necessary (Bagley, 2013, pp89-91). In m any ways, peaceful change is the ultimate benefit that social media can offer. Social media can reach millions of people with enough leverage to create change without any violence. Consumers do not have to beat down the doors of an irresponsible company. They can use Facebook to gain its cooperation. It is so important to look at the positive role that technology can play and to see how its uses will be increasingly oriented toward meaningful ends. The tools of social media are allowing consumers to shop more consciously. Dozens of websites help weed out wasteful or poorly made products. It is easier to get information about companies that are exposed for having unhealthy, unsustainable, or unethical practices (Mainwaring, 2011, pp. 59-160). Campaigns on Facebook work well because its viral communications tools enable large numbers to become aware of an issue and join together quickly. Facebook has been called digital democracy. Jared Cohen, a former student of Condoleeza Rice said, â€Å"Facebook is one of the most organic tools for democracy promotion the world has ever seen. † As Facebook began to grow globally, it was also being discussed in the White House Situation Room, where President Bush and his National Security Council staff gathered during crises. Because President Obama mastered digital tools in 2008, it was called the â€Å"Facebook election† (Kirkpatrick, 2010. p. 290). Even though the President is known for his use of social media, mainly Facebook, I think that the legislative branch can effectuate the most significant impact on regulating consumer transactions via social media outlets. One of the powers that it has is to regulate commerce with the foreign nations and the states. Because consumer transactions are an element of commerce, I would say that this branch would have the greatest impact. The legislative branch also has another important power that could benefit social media, and that is its ability to make laws as necessary (Bagley, 2013, p. 91). Agency Relationships Agency is considered an important legal relationship in today’s business world. Corporations could not function without the law of agency. Facebook introduced engagement ads as a form of advertisement. In its first year engagement ads generated close to a hundred million dollars of revenue. Facebook charges at least $5 per thousand views for those ads. Facebook gives advertisers more targeting options than most websites. Facebook is an awesome marketing tool for many businesses. For a well-known company like McDonald’s the number of mentions on the site is in the millions. Facebook is an agent for many businesses as well. Mazda asked its fans on Facebook to help it design a car for 2018. They received contributions from all over the world. Some consumer-oriented companies now put less emphasis on their website and more on their Facebook page. The relationship between people and companies will continue to evolve rapidly on Facebook and yield some startling developments. It is the perfect platform for building customer loyalty (Kirkpatrick, 2010, pp. 263-265)

Bach :: essays research papers

The Baroque Age Johann Sebastian Bach Born: Eisenach, March 21, 1685 Died: Leipzig, July 28, 1750 Regarded as perhaps the greatest composer of all time, Bach was known during his lifetime primarily as an outstanding organ player and technician. The youngest of eight children born to musical parents, Johann Sebastian was destined to become a musician. While still young, he had mastered the organ and violin, and was also an excellent singer. At the age of ten, both of his parents died within a year of each other. Young Sebastian was fortunate to be taken in by an older brother, Johann Christoph, who most likely continued his musical training. At the age of fifteen, Bach secured his first position in the choir of St. Michael's School in LÃ ¼neburg. He travelled little, never leaving Germany once in his life, but held various postitions during his career in churches and in the service of the courts throughout the country. In 1703 he went to Arnstadt to take the position of organist at the St. Boniface Church. It was during his tenure there that Bach took a month's leave of absence t o make the journey to LÃ ¼beck (some 200 miles away, a journey he made on foot) to hear the great organist Dietrich Buxtehude. One month turned into five, and Bach was obliged to find a new position at MÃ ¼lhausen in 1706. In that year he also married his cousin, Maria Barbara. Bach remained at MÃ ¼lhausen for only a year before taking up a post as organist and concertmaster at the court of the Duke of Weimar. In 1717, Bach moved on to another post, this time as Kapellmeister at the court of Prince Leopold in Cöthen. During the years Bach was in the service of the courts, he was obliged to compose a great deal of instrumental music: hundreds of pieces for solo keyboard, orchestral dance suites, trio sonatas for various instruments, and concertos for various instruments and orchestra. Of these, the most famous are the six concerti grossi composed for the Duke of Brandenburg in 1721, and the Brandenburg Concerto no. 3 exemplifies the style of the concerto grosso in which a small group of instruments (in this case a small ensemble of strings) is set in concert with an orchestra of strings and continuo. Of Bach's music for solo instruments, the six Suites for violoncello and the Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin are among the greatest for those instruments.

Enviromental Change – Transboundary Pollution

Chapter 10 – Transboundary pollution page 120 Aim of this lesson To be able to describe one major pollution event affecting more than one country and examine the consequences of and responses to this event. View together ‘’It happened in Chernobyl’ Part 1 and Part 2 – discuss http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_embedded&v=b11aWXkehtY http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=BwMdh2SZ5-k&feature=player_embedded Using – * Consequences in more than one country http://www. grida. o/graphicslib/detail/the-continental-scale-of-the-chernobyl-accident_12e3 * The Torch report http://www. chernobylreport. org/? p=summary * THE GUARDIAN – Affects of Chernobyl explained http://www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2009/may/12/effects-chernobyl-uk-farmers 1. Annotate an outline map of Europe (enlarged to A3 size) with the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster. Try and include impacts in at least 4 different countries and for a range of time sca les. 1. Complete the table with as much detail as you can –Responses to the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster at a range of scales| Short-Term| Long-Term| National [within Russia / Ukraine]| * People must be evacuated from area * Many â€Å"instant† deaths from radiation poisoning * Later deaths from radiation poisoning * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear| * Radioactive land becomes uninhabitable for many years * Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in gametes * Distrust of nuclear power as a renewable energy source * Radiation poisoning causes health problems in the future| International| * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear| *    Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in Enviromental Change – Transboundary Pollution Chapter 10 – Transboundary pollution page 120 Aim of this lesson To be able to describe one major pollution event affecting more than one country and examine the consequences of and responses to this event. View together ‘’It happened in Chernobyl’ Part 1 and Part 2 – discuss http://www. youtube. com/watch? feature=player_embedded&v=b11aWXkehtY http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=BwMdh2SZ5-k&feature=player_embedded Using – * Consequences in more than one country http://www. grida. o/graphicslib/detail/the-continental-scale-of-the-chernobyl-accident_12e3 * The Torch report http://www. chernobylreport. org/? p=summary * THE GUARDIAN – Affects of Chernobyl explained http://www. guardian. co. uk/environment/2009/may/12/effects-chernobyl-uk-farmers 1. Annotate an outline map of Europe (enlarged to A3 size) with the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster. Try and include impacts in at least 4 different countries and for a range of time sca les. 1. Complete the table with as much detail as you can –Responses to the 1986 Chernobyl Disaster at a range of scales| Short-Term| Long-Term| National [within Russia / Ukraine]| * People must be evacuated from area * Many â€Å"instant† deaths from radiation poisoning * Later deaths from radiation poisoning * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear| * Radioactive land becomes uninhabitable for many years * Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in gametes * Distrust of nuclear power as a renewable energy source * Radiation poisoning causes health problems in the future| International| * Deadly radiation poisoning from nuclear fallout/radioactive cloud spreading * Widespread panic and fear| *    Birth defects in the generation after the incident due to lingering radiation poisoning in

History of Michigan

Gold dust and silver nuggets B) human scalps taken from rival tribes and then used to trade for other goods C) furs (especially beaver, otter, fox and sable) D) feathers from birds like eagles, hawks and herons . According to Henry Rowe Schoolmate (a lifetime observer of Michigan Indians), what was MOST responsible for causing the gradual decline of the Native American population in the Great Lakes region? A) their addiction to tobacco B) their growing addiction to alcohol C) armed conflicts with white men D) the devastating effects of diseases like smallpox and measles 6. N the final twenty-five years of the twentieth century, the economic outlook for Michigan Indian tribes began to improve significantly. On July 4, 1984, a number of Michigan tribes began to benefit financially from what? A) free allege scholarships offered by the federal government to all Native American children who had graduated from high school B) unrestricted fishing on the Great Lakes C) casino gambling D) rep arations (cash payments) from the federal government as compensation for broken treaties and other offenses committed by the U.S. In the past 7 France, Rupee's wealthiest and most populous nation, did not enter the race to establish colonies in the New World until 1522. Spurred by accounts of Magellan success in circling the globe, the French sought to become the first European nation to discover what? A) the fabled â€Å"Seven Cities of Gold† B) the Northwest Passage-?a water route across America that would provide a shortcut to the spice-rich Orient C) the source of the Mississippi River D) the Fountain of Youth 8. M 1523, what Italian navigator sailed under the French flag and explored the North American coast from Virginia to Newfoundland? A) America Vesuvius B) Christopher Columbus C) Giovanni De Overgraze D) Marco Polo 9. Capon arriving in Canada in 1541, French explorer Jacques Carrier's men discovered what appeared to be gold and diamonds. Eager to get news of this gr eat discovery back to the King, Carrier filled two ships with the treasure and sent them to France. What had Carrier's men actually found?A) the gold was actually copper and the diamonds were quartz B) the gold was actually iron pyrite (â€Å"fool's gold†) and the diamonds Were mica C) TRICK QUESTION: the gold was real and so were the diamonds D) the gold was actually silver and the diamonds were amethyst 10. Although King Francis of France decided in 1 540 to establish a permanent French colony in Canada, this first attempt failed for three reasons: bad weather, constant harassment from hostile Indians, and a government back home in France that was distracted by what? A) internal religious struggles B) the French RevolutionC) a slave uprising in the Caribbean D) a war with England 1 1 -In 1 609, Samuel De Champlain and two companions assisted the Huron Indians in a fight with the Mohawk Indians that became known as the Battle of Ticonderoga. The actions of the French in this battle caused a powerful ally of the Mohawk to forever after view the French as an enemy. What tribe was the Mohawk' powerful ally? A) Iroquois B) Sioux C) Ottawa D) Delaware 12. An 1661, King Louis CSV's chief minister, Jean Baptists Collect, sought to import furs from France's colony in the New World, as well as use it as a source for â€Å"naval stores. What are â€Å"naval stores? A) mercantile (retail) establishments where colonists could purchase a boat or ship B) mercantile establishments set up especially for naval officers and sailors C) raw materials (trees, tar, turpentine, iron, etc. ) that could be used to build ships D) large warehouses and docks where naval ships could be tied up when not in use 13. Between 1665-1670, Jean Talon was the first and perhaps greatest INTENDING (an administrator, similar to a governor)ever to serve in New France.Talon planned to increase the colony's population and make it economically self-sufficient by providing colonists with free tr ansportation ND free land. In addition, Talon also brought nearly 1,000 what to the colony? A) horses, to be used for farming B) â€Å"King's Daughters†Ã¢â‚¬â€œorphan girls and daughters of poor families in search of husbands and a new life C) Musketeers–professional soldiers trained in the use of muskets D) â€Å"King's boys and sons of poor families in search of wives and a new life 14. Why did Jean Baptists Collect want to restrict the fur trade in New France in 1 661?A) he feared it would draw all the healthy young men away from their farming activities B) he realized that the market in Europe and Asia was becoming glutted with furs and the entire industry would soon collapse C) he realized that most of the fur-bearing animals in Canada had been nearly hunted and trapped to extinction D) he wanted to drive up prices by reducing the number of furs that were available for export 15. Rene Robert Cavalier, Easier De La Sale, built a shipyard above Niagara Falls where he constructed the first European-style ship to sail on the Great Lakes.In 1679 he set sail across Lake Erie and reached the Detroit River. What was the name of La Sale's ship? A) Golden Hind B) Discovery C) L ‘Ocean D) Griffin 16. While England and France had been at war three times be;en 648-1748, the Michigan area had never been seriously affected; but this all changed with the outbreak of what war? A) Hundred Years' War B) Queen Ann.'s War C) French and Indian War (known in Europe as the Seven Years' War) D) War of the Roses 17. Please match each term below with the correct definitions. A.General Edward Bradford – A British commander who was sent from England with 1500 men to fight the French during the French & Indian War. (He disregarded advice from colonial military men and was killed with 977 of his men on July 9, 1755. ) B. Ribbon farms – Land grants given by Antoine Cadillac. Each individual plot was usually 400-600 feet wide x 1 1/2 to 3 miles in lengt h and fronted the Detroit River. C. Major Robert Rogers – British officer who accepted the surrender of Fort Panchromatic from French Captain Franà §ois De Belletrist on November 29, 1 760, thus ending French rule in Michigan. D.Quebec – First permanent French settlement in the New World (founded in 1608). E. Seigneurs – Areas of land operated under the rules of feudalism in New France. (A F-ranch noble divided small parcels of land along the SST. Lawrence river among farmers to settle. ) F. Montreal – Modern city located on he site Of an Indian village called Hoagland. 18. NNE Of the most SUCCessfUl French missionaries ever to come to the region that is now Michigan became famous for paddling a canoe along the western and northern shores of Lake Michigan to Green Bay (Wisconsin) and back–and making the trip, not once, but twice.In 1673, this missionary also became one of the first Europeans to see and explore the Mississippi River. What was his n ame? A) Father Jean De Buffer B) Father Joseph Electron C) Father Jacques Marquette D) Father Rene Meaner 19. Both England and France had different economic strategies for their colonies in North America. France sent mostly trappers and by 1750, New France had a population of about 50,000 people. England sought to tame the wilderness and create settlements that would be secure for women and children. How many people lived in the British colonies by 1750? A) 1 00,000 B) 1. 5 million C) 150,000 D) 500,000 20.To help secure its hold on North America, France built a line of forts from the end of Lake Erie to the Ohio River. What young officer did Governor Identified of Virginia send into the Ohio Country with 1 00 men in what turned out to be an unsuccessful attempt to force the French to withdraw? A) â€Å"Mad† Anthony Wayne B) Alexander Hamilton C) George Washington D) Daniel Boone 21 . During the first year of the French and Indian War, the British found themselves losing grou nd to the French. In 1 756, the tide of the war changed when the new Prime Minister, William Pit, adopted a new strategy towards the French.What did Pit do? A) order British troops to invade Paris in hopes Of toppling the King and ending the war B) attached French interests all over the globe so that France would be forced to concentrate less attention on North America C) convinced Spain to join forces with Britain and drive the French out of North America D) convince France's Indian allies to switch sides ND fight with the British instead 22. An 1759, French rule in North America ended when a British force under General James Wolfe defeated the French army commanded by General Louis Montanan. The battle took place on the Plains of Abraham outside what city?A) Quebec B) Montreal C) Buffalo D) Ottawa 23. By 1980, 49% of Michigan Indian households were near or below the national poverty line. According to our textbook, â€Å"much of this poverty was a direct result Of A) High levels Of unemployment. B) Lack of transportation. C) Lack of interest. D) No access to available child care. 24. What was the most noteworthy aspect of Potawatomie social culture? A) polygamy B) human sacrifice C) ritualistic scarification D) polyandry 25. What term describes the network of waterways linked by portages that French voyageurs established across the wilderness and mountainous areas of Canada?A) Northwest Passage B) El Camino Real (â€Å"Road of the King† C) fur artery D) Land of Lakes 26. An the sass-1 sass, French adventurers went deep in the backwoods of North America to trade with various Indian tribes for furs. These men lived with native peoples, adopted their lifestyles and dress, and often married Indian women. These adventurers were called: A) conquistadors B) Cooers De Bois C) cavaliers D) Cadillac's AAAS illustrated in the Powering on Native Americans, what Indian invention allowed the Iroquois to fight during the winter months when the snow was deep? History of Michigan The Free Press did not believe that blacks were qualified to fight. A. â€Å"First Ethiopians† A male impersonator from Flint, Michigan named Sarah Emma Edmonds who enlisted in the Union Army using a man's name and served for two years. E. Franklin Thompson Nickname for the Michigan 24th Infantry, consisting Of men mainly from Wayne County, who distinguished themselves during the Battle of Gettysburg. D. â€Å"Black Hat† Iron Brigade While serving with the 4th Michigan Cavalry, this officer succeeded in capturing former Confederate President Jefferson Davis as Davis attempted to flee to Georgia after the end of the Civil War.B. Benjamin D. Pritchard 2. Although no battles were fought on Michigan soil during the Civil War, and there were no plantations or slaves that needed to be emancipated, Michigan ‘s citizens nevertheless responded to the cause. How many soldiers from Michigan participated in the war? A) 90,000 B) 45,000 C) 120,000 D) 50,000 3. When President L incoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, all he did was free the slaves in all of the states that â€Å"were in rebellion† (the Southern states that had left the Union to form the Confederacy).Even though he was the President, Lincoln could not end slavery in the United States on his own because it was actually protected by the Constitution and was the legal law of the land. After the Civil War ended, which amendment to the constitution ended slavery in the U. S. For good? A) Thirteenth B) Fourteenth C) Fifteenth D) Eighteenth 4. An 1874, a women's suffrage amendment to the state constitution was overwhelmingly passed by the Michigan legislature and placed on the November ballot. The Michigan campaign depended heavily on appearance by which long-time leaders of a woman's right to vote?A) Harriet Tuba and Sojourner Truth B) Mary Todd Lincoln and Elizabeth Ackley C) Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Emily Dickinson D) Elizabeth Caddy Stanton and Susan B. Anthony that d id Michigan farm families do during the Civil War to cope with the severe manpower shortage? A) actively recruited runaway slaves and free blacks to work for them B) cut back on the amount of crops they planted, which resulted in food shortages across the state C) invested in more mechanized machinery, like harrows, reapers and mowers D) petitioned Congress for financial assistance 6.The woman's suffrage amendment was crushed, in large part because opponents of the measure had convinced Irish and German voters that omitting bad would would happen if women were given the right to vote. What was it? A) women would start dressing and acting like men B) women would immediately pass a law prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol C) women would take jobs away from men D) the institution of marriage would be destroyed 7. What made it possible for women to ride safety bicycles in public during the sass and 1 8905 without fear of â€Å"moral hazard? A) the invention of tandem (2-pers on) bicycles which enabled a woman to be accompanied by a man who could protect her honor while cycling B) the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution C) the widespread adoption Of â€Å"bloomers† a cross between a split skirt and trousers D) the widespread installation of concrete sidewalks (women had not been allowed to ride in the streets) 8. An 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment (which gave black men the right to vote) was ratified. Women finally were given the right to vote when the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified in what year?A) 1920 B) 1880 C) 1910 D) 1890 9. What item(s)from the Lincoln White House did Henry Ford purchase and put on display in his museum in Dearborn? A) the Lincoln China (ornate dishes & lace settings used during State dinners) B) the Lincoln Library (Lincoln personal collection of books) C) furniture from the Lincoln Bedroom D) the Lincoln Death Mask (a plaster cast of Lincoln face made shortly after he was assassinated) 10. An Apri l 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appoints Courthouse, thus bringing an end to the Civil War.What was George Armstrong Custer given as a souvenir of the event by his commanding officer, General Phil Sheridan? A) General Lee's sword B) General Lee's white horse C) Nothing. Sheridan hated Custer. D) One of TV small tables inside the house on which the surrender documents had been signed by Lee and Grant. 1 1 . Please match each term with the correct definition. The industry in Michigan that suffered the most during the Civil War. B. Lumber The industry in Michigan that enjoyed a huge boom during the Civil War. F. Proper Sworn in as Michigan 13th governor in 1861; he warned that the Union had to be maintained at any price and that secession was revolution and treasonous. A. Governor Austin Blair Wealthy Flint lumber and railroad magnate who was elected governor in 1864. E. Governor Henry H Crap Instituted a system of taxation and licensing to r egulate liquor traffic in Michigan. C. Governor John J. Bagley Attempted to remain Detroit mayor after being elected Governor of Michigan in 1896–he wanted to hold both jobs at once. D.Governor Haze S. Fingerer 12. What famous landmark in downtown Detroit was built by James McMillan–a wealthy Detroit businessman and a powerful Republican senator during the Progressive Era? A) Book-Cadillac Hotel B) Fisher Building C) Guardian Building D) Fox Theater 13. An 1902, Henry Ford and Tom Cooper teamed up to build a race car. They ladled it the â€Å"999† (after the fastest steam locomotive of its day) but neither man had the nerve to drive it. Instead, they recruited a fearless bicycle racer to drive it for them.What Was the name Of the man who drove â€Å"999† to several victories? A) Horace Dodge B) Barney Oldie C) Lie screen D) Alexander Winston E) TRICK QUESTION: Henry Ford drove â€Å"999† since he was the one who designed it. 14 As early as 1845, th e State of Michigan pursued a polity aimed at attracting new settlers from Europe. One group above all others was eagerly recruited. Because its members were staunchly religious, family oriented, industrious and educated, this group was viewed as making ideal residents for Michigan. What was the group?A) Scandinavians B) Dutch C) Cornish D) Irish E) Germans 15. Because of its close proximity to Canada, Michigan has always been a source of refuge for Canadians and CANADIANS. What is a CANADIAN? A) female Canadian B) Canadian resident of Quebec C) French-speaking Canadian D) Canadian originally born in France 16. Please match each term with the correct definition. Immigrants known for their expertise in hard rock mining deep underground. A man from this ethnic group was nicknamed â€Å"Cousin Jack† while a woman as called â€Å"Cousin Jenny. † C.Cornish Immigrants who came to Michigan primarily to find work (mining, digging canals, laying railroad tracks, selling linen o r becoming policemen and firefighters), and were often very religious. D. Irish Part of a later wave of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, many of whom arrived as illiterate, unskilled menial laborers. They often initially chose to live in native-speaking urban ghettos rather than become assimilated into American society. E. Poles Immigrants who in engaged in farming, as well as worked in mining, lumbering and railroad industries.They ere welcomed because they were literate and hard-working. A. Scandinavians Immigrants who settled on the extreme western side of the Lower Peninsula and earned a reputation for making Michigan a leader in the production of celery. B. Dutch 17. As late as 1935, Michigan had more than 18. 5 million acres of land under cultivation and approximately 20% of the state's population listed their occupation as â€Å"farmer. † By 1970, agriculture accounted for a mere 4% of the state's income and only 1. 5% of the state's residents were farmers. At the turn of the 21st century, how many acres of farmland was Michigan losing to urban sprawl EACH DAY? A) 133 acres B) 333 acres C) 33 acres D) 233 acres 18. Professional medical attention was still not available to most rural Michigan women during the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. Midwives, who provided care to childbearing women during pregnancy, labor and birth, as well as during the postpartum period, sometimes filled the void. These caregivers were known affectionately as: A) Wet Nurses B) Angels of Mercy C) Sisters of Mercy D) Sister Wives 19. Dry. History of Michigan Eerie in 1959, Delbert L. Hatchet, then president of the Oakland County NAACP, filed suit in Federal Court complaining that Pontiac schools were elaborately segregated. Schools were either _ percent white or _ percent black. A) 60 percent white or 40 percent black. B) 50 percent white or 50 percent black. C) 75 percent white or 75 percent black. D) 90 percent white or 90 percent black. 6. To help ease a manpower shortage in war industries in 1 942, what specific group of people received postcards from the Michigan Director of War Manpower Commission asking them to take jobs in war-related industries?A) senior citizens B) disabled adults C) women D) persons of color 7. When this bridge was completed in 1957, it was the country's longest suspension span over water. What bridge was it? A) Mackinac Bridge B) International Bridge C) Blue water Bridge D) Ambassador Bridge 8. What progressive Michigan governor from the sass was best known for his trademark green and white polka dot bow tie? A) George W. Rooney B) â€Å"Cowboy Kim† Giggles C) G. Men Williams D) William Milliken 9. To take advantage of the rapid suburban growth that was taking place on the outskirts of Detroit, the J.L. Hudson Company in 1 954 opened what was then the world ;s largest shopping center. What was it called? A) Oakland Mall B) Northland C) Fairyland Town Center D) Twelve Oaks 10. Michigan Severe labor shortage during World War II began to ease when nearly 5,000 members of what group arrived and were assigned to work in the state's fields and food processing centers? A) Japanese-Americans who had previously been detained in internment camps in western states like Arizona, Idaho, Utah and Colorado.B) African-American men and women who were encouraged to relocate from southern states like Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. C) American soldiers who refused to fight for religious reasons (conscientious objectors). D) German and Italian prisoners of war. 1 During World War II, Henry Ford bo asted that his Willow Run Assembly Plant in Ypsilanti would be able to produce one _ every hour. By 1944, the plant was indeed producing at this level. A) Eagle anti-submarine boat B) MM Sherman Tank C) 8-24 heavy bomber D) Jeep 12. Please match each term below with the correct definition.Nickname for the Rev. Martin Luther King Jar. E. â€Å"Black Apostle of Nonviolence† Event that resulted in profiteers who took advantage of the needy by charging SSL . 00 for a 25-cent quart of milk. F. July 1967 riot Event that crippled the Michigan billion-dollar-a-year tourist industry in the U. P. ND northern lower Michigan B. October 1 973 Arab oil embargo Nickname for William G. Milliken D. â€Å"Ghetto Governor' Organization established to bring together community leaders to discuss Detroit problems and plan for its future in the wake of the 1 967 riots.A. â€Å"New Detroit Committee† Phrase coined by American Motors president, George Rooney, to attack U. S. Auto industry's i nsistence on building bigger and heavier cars. C. â€Å"dinosaurs in our driveways† 13. Injure 20, 1943, one of the worst race riots in the U. S. Broke out in Detroit. Over 75% of the city was affected by the rioting. There were 34 deaths, over 700 reported injuries, over 00 fires and more than $2 million in property damage, and at least 1 million man-hours lost in war production. What started the riot?

Tuberculosis Essays

Tuberculosis Essays Tuberculosis Essay Tuberculosis Essay Name: Lecturer: Course: Date: Tuberculosis Tuberculosis refers to an infectious disease, lethal in many cases, caused by Mycobacterium. Primarily, Tuberculosis normally affects the lungs but is capable of affecting other parts, as well. The disease spreads through the air when an infected person sneezes, coughs, or transmits saliva through the air. Most Tuberculosis infections are latent and asymptomatic. However, statistics suggested that about ten latent infections go to develop to the disease that kills more than half of the infected individuals when left untreated. In 2007, chronic cases of the disease numbered about thirteen million and eight million in 2010 (Landis, 42). Ultimately, advancement in technology as well as informed population has contributed to the reduction of infection case. Currently, majority of those who contract the disease do so due to compromised immunity. About five-ten percent of individuals infected with HIV are opportunistically infected with tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is capable of affecting any part of the body, but infection normally takes place in the lungs and is referred to as pulmonary tuberculosis. General signs and symptoms include night sweats, fever chills, fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight and finger clubbing may occur. When infection takes place, ninety percent of cases involve the lungs. Specific symptoms include prolonged coughing that produces sputum and chest pains. However, it is important to understand that about twenty-five percent of infected individuals may not exhibit symptoms (Landis, 64). In some cases, the infected person may cough blood, and in extremely rare cases, the pulmonary artery may be eroded leading to massive bleeding. When the illness becomes chronic, the upper lobes of the lungs have a higher propensity if being scarred compared to the lower lobes. The reason in this case is yet to be made clear. It may be due to poor drainage of lymph fluid or better flow of air. Diagnosing tuberculosis based on mere signs and symptoms is not easy as is diagnosing it among people with suppressed immunity. However, diagnosis of tuberculosis should be considered when lung disease signs or constitutional symptoms last longer than a fortnight. Primarily, an X-ray of the chest and sputum tests to detect bacteria involves part of the initial evaluation. With the progress in technology and medical field, tuberculin skin tests and assays on interferon-y release have been rendered to limited use. In contrast, IGRA (interferon gamma release assay) exhibits similar limitations in the case of HIV infected individuals (Koch, 29). A definitive diagnosis of Tuberculosis is currently done through tests undertaken on a clinical sample including pus, tissue biopsy, or sputum. Nevertheless, the slow growing organisms of the mycobacterium as well as their differing culture process imply that conclusive tests are done two to six weeks after infection. However, current trends in diagnosis are conclusively fast as compared to previous ages thus treatment normally takes place before serious infection takes place (Grunberg, 37). Tests on Adenosine deaminase and nucleic amplification currently allow rapid tuberculosis diagnosis. However, these tests are not routinely recommended since they have a tendency of affecting the treatment process of the infected person. Since blood tests are designed to detect antibodies and are not highly sensitive and specific, they are therefore not highly recommended compared to tests that look for the causal bacteria (Koch, 53). In cases of latent tuberculosis, the tuberculin skin test is used for screening people with high TB risk. In this case, however, people immunized against Tuberculosis have a higher chance of exhibiting false positive results. On the other hand, this test may lead to false negative results among people with malnutrition, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and sarcoidosis. The current trends in Tuberculosis diagnosis have been facilitated by the advancement in technology. In this case, current tools are capable of detecting fluorescence in oxygen enriched liquid sample medium, thus indicating whether the Tuberculosis bacterium is present or not. The growth of the bacteria in the sample requires oxygen thus making it fluorescent when put under ultra violet light. Methods of testing susceptibility for drugs involve the same procedure only that two samples are used, one incorporated and the other without the drug. If the sample with the drug becomes active against Tuberculosis bacteria, then diagnosis is made positive. For the manual system, the technician in charge identifies the fluorescence using an ultra violet lamp. On the other hand, automatic systems are advanced enough to detect more than 900 cultures from a single test (Grunberg, 74). Treatment of Tuberculosis is normally done with antibiotics that attack and kill the mycobacterium. However, effective treatment of the disease is difficult because of the mycobacterium’s unusual chemical and structural composition. This hinders drug entry, making antibiotics less effective. Antibiotics commonly used include rifampicin and isoniazid, and treatment is prolonged, lasting several months. Treatment of latent Tuberculosis is done using a single antibiotic and active tuberculosis is treated using several antibiotics. The main objective is to prevent the bacterium from developing resistance to antibiotics. Directly observed therapy is recommended by the World Health Organization as an effort of ensuring proper taking of the treatment antibiotics.

Why you put off studying until the last minute and how to deal with it

Why you put off studying until the last minute and how to deal with it Reasons You Don’t Start Studying Until The Last Minute Mostly teachers give students enough time to complete a task; however, very often many students leave the preparation until the last minute. As a result, they are stressed out, exhausted and frustrated. Also, it is more than likely that the quality of the finished task suffered. Let’s have a look at the reasons why this happens and what can be done about it. Fear of the hard work Very often, the difficulty of the task scares you off and makes you put off the studying for later, no matter how important the task is. In fact, if the assignment is really significant, the fear can be even stronger, and, as a result, you end up pushing off the work even further. Fear of failure Feeling that the results of your efforts will be most likely unsatisfactory can make you completely demotivated and immobilized. You realize that the subject that you need to cover is too complicated, and you will not be able to get nice grades for that. Such fear of failure can also make you put off starting your study. Mistakes in personal organization Personal organization is very important in student life. You are responsible for completing different assignments on time. Unfortunately, many students do not create a plan of how to complete a task to fit the deadline, and those who do have a plan may overestimate their abilities and evaluate the amount of time that needs to be spent on studying incorrectly. Such mistakes are common and can cost dearly since poor self-organization can result in falling out of the university or college. What to do You might be one of those students who tend to leave performing important tasks until it is too late. The main solution of the issue is the following – just start studying and, most importantly, start doing it early. Obviously, this advice sounds simple, but, at the same time, extremely difficult to execute for many students. However, leaving studying until the last minute is a habit. Like any habits, it can be changed. If you really want to improve your studying pattern, try incorporating new habits into your student life. Starting study early, organizing yourself, making a plan and following it will bring great results. Being a student, you must realize that the task needs to be completed no matter what. Hence, putting off the preparation of the assignment is meaningless, and it is better to start working on an important task as soon as it is possible. This will save a lot of mental energy and will give you a great sense of accomplishment along with great grades and an appraisal from professors.

SAT International Test Dates Guide (2019 and 2020)

SAT International Test Dates Guide (2019 and 2020) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Here we look at international SAT test dates for the the 2019–2020 year. The test months haven't changed since last year, but the dates have! We've recorded what we've learned in this article. Upcoming SAT Test Days in 2019 and 2020 We've scoured the College Board website to get the most up to date predictions for international test dates. In addition, the regular deadline for the domestic SAT is the same as the only and final deadline for the international test: there is no late registration if you are taking the SAT outside of the US. Test Date Registration Deadline Deadline for Changes Early Reg via Rep August 24, 2019 (USA only) NA NA NA October 5, 2019 September 6, 2019 September 24, 2019 August 21, 2019 November 2, 2019* October 3, 2019 October 22, 2019 September 18, 2019 December 7, 2019 November 8, 2019 November 26, 2019 October 23, 2019 March 14, 2020** February 14, 2020 March 3, 2020 January 29, 2020 May 2, 2020 April 3, 2020 April 21, 2020 March 18, 2020 June 6, 2020* May 8, 2020 May 27, 2020 April 22, 2020 August 29, 2020 (USA only) NA NA NA The College Board* = SAT Subject Tests only; no regular SATs offered this date internationally** = SAT only; no SAT Subject Tests offered this date internationallyUSA only = not international (greyed out) Guide to Choosing the Best Dates for You So when should you take the SAT? We've developed a thorough guide to considering the best dates for you that details the four test date factors you should consider. You should also plan ahead and think about whether you want to take the SAT more than once. Note that the main difference between International and Domestic testing is that there are fewer international test dates and no late registration for international students. The major implication of this is that you can't always wait for the last test's score to come out before you sign up for the next possible SAT test date. For example, a domestic student can wait until her March test comes back, and if she did badly, she can register late for the May SAT. Depending on if March scores come out in time, international students might not be able to do this. However, this is not a big loss: few students would want to take two tests in a row because there really isn't time to improve or study in such a short amount of time. Second, if money is not an issue, international students can simply preemptively register for two dates in a row, and then cancel the second test date if they do well on the first test. The cost of cancellation is only the monetary cost of the test. Otherwise, international testing and domestic testing have more similarities than differences! Warning: SAT Test Dates May ChangeSign up to Receive Free Updates // What's Next? The next step after you've figured out which test dates work for you is to register for the SAT (read our step-by-step instruction here). Also, if you want to score well, you should consider the different ways to prep for the SAT. We consider the pros and cons of different prep methods with our free ebook. Other Articles You May Be Interested In Find out which exact dates you want to choose with our full guide to choosing SAT test dates here. You can also take a look at our collection of future years SAT test dates for other years (see especially the disclaimer on projections). What's the best way to prep for the SAT as an international student? Learn more about the importance of the SAT/ACT and the resources you'll need with this complete guide.

The Gray Rider Real Estate Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Gray Rider Real Estate Company - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that with Over 100 new graduate entrants every year, The Gray Rider Real Estate Company has been Voted the most admired construction company in the 2005 Management survey and is Winner of many Quality in Construction Awards(http://www.worldrealtynews.com). Thus, the success of an organization like The Gray Rider Real Estate Company has been on account of the apt application of the various concepts of organizational behavior like Motivation, Decision Making, Group Behavior, Communication, Power and Politics, Organizational Structure, Organizational Culture, Human Resources Practices and Change Management. Specific employee's attitudes relating to 'job satisfaction' and 'organizational commitment' are of major interest to the field of organizational behaviour and Human resource management. This is because of the fact that only a satisfied employee can have organizational commitment. Incidentally, Organizational commitment can be expected only f rom a satisfied worker and a satisfied worker is always a motivated worker. If there is no conflict between group goals and personal goals of a member of a group, i.e. goals of an employee and an organization in which he/she works are complementary and not contradictory, then the employee is motivated to work for the goals of the company, because, by doing so, he will be achieving his own personal goals. Organizational behavior is interdisciplinary in its nature with deep roots in psychology. The concepts of Motivation in The Gray Rider Real Estate Company have been elaborated in this study. Motivation refers to the way in which wages, drives, desires, aspiration, strivings, or needs, controls or explains human behavior. Motivation is the core of management. Motivation can be defined as a process, which begins with a physiological or psychological need, or deficiency, which triggers behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal or an incentive. Motivation is a phenomenon by which 'Mot ives' based on 'Needs' will condition individual's behavior. Therefore, if there is no conflict between group goals and personal goals of a member of a group, i.e. Goals of an employee and an organization (in which he works) are complementary and not contradictory, then the employee is motivated to work for the goals of the company, because, by doing so, he will be achieving his own personal goals.

Critique of an article in Educational Leadership - Future High Essay

Critique of an article in Educational Leadership - Future High Education Leaders Critique - Essay Example The solution to this recruitment crisis as suggested by the National College for School Leadership (NCSL) is to identify people with leadership talents so that they could be trained early in the fields of leadership and provide them with a greater number of role models. Hence, Future Leaders leadership is a development programme that works to mitigate such crisis through the process of making high-skilled individuals suitable for headship. Given this background, this article evaluates the Future Leaders leadership development programme through the assessment of case studies and interviews of the participants in the programme. Further the future of the headship and the Future Leaders programme is analyzed with respect to the matters of sustainability, enrollment and retention. The Futures Leaders leadership development programme was introduced to fill in the dearth of school teachers in leading roles especially in the schools located in the urban areas. The objective was to form a genre of leaders who are willing to commit their future professions in the field of leadership in urban schools. The goal was to increase the band containing head teachers so that they can be recruited as and when required in urban complex schools. The programme has been built up in the lines of NLNS (New Leaders for New Schools) programme in New York. The members of the NCSL, ARK (Absolute Return for Kids) and SSAT (Specialist Schools and Academies Trust) developed the Future Leaders vocational programme in 2006. Along with the above mentioned objectives, the Future Leaders programme also aims to recruit individuals from non-traditional fields offer a new mode of recruiting senior staffs in urban schools along with a pioneering approach that would manage risk. It gives the teachers and individuals not attached with schools an alternative approach that would help them attain a fast track

Fashion Police - Flint Cracks Down on Sagging Essay

Fashion Police - Flint Cracks Down on Sagging - Essay Example Flint The essay "Fashion Police - Flint Cracks Down on Sagging" gives a detailed information about photographies of fashion and provides a critique on the trends in them. The pants are not being used for the purpose that they were made for. As for the third picture, in which not only underwear is showing but so is the butt, the image is offensive, which is to say that the male the image is depicting is offensive. Private parts of the body should be covered up and not on display for everyone to see. Furthermore, both the pants and the underwear no longer serve their purpose of keeping those areas covered up. As for the comments based on each picture, stating that the picture in which the pants sag but still remain above the butt, are correct. At least in this first image the male is merely sagging his pants, showing a little bit of underwear, which is something that can happen to someone who is not even wearing saggy pants. Though I disagree that the second image where the male has hi s pants below the butt is considered disorderly conduct. He is showing much more of himself than he needs to be, and therefore this should be considered indecent exposure, just as the third image is considered. After reading the article that accompanies the photograph, the purpose behind the â€Å"criminal offense† system of sagging pants seems almost as ridiculous as the sagging pants themselves. Arresting people simply because their pants sag a little too low seems like a cheap way for a police officer.

Health Threats From Environmental Pollutants Research Paper

Health Threats From Environmental Pollutants - Research Paper Example Evaporation of seawater has increased and this has resulted in droughts in some regions, and increased rains in other areas. Such unpredictable climatic changes have posed a threat to the economic well being of the developing countries. The rapid nature of these climatic changes has generally caught mankind on the wrong foot (Victor). Food production has been adversely affected, and the sudden and unpredictable changes in the climate have increased the mortality rate amongst those who dwell in coastal areas. It is the principal objective of the Kyoto agreement to countenance these challenges. This agreement endeavors to engender better cooperation between countries, in order to reduce global warming. Nevertheless, the fact remains that the Kyoto agreement is just an initial, though significant, step in this direction and several such agreements have to be implemented (Victor). There are several factors that contribute to water pollution. There are direct and indirect contamination sources, which act as contributory causes for water contamination. For instance, the effluents from industries and factories directly contribute to water contamination. Chemical treatment plants and chemical production units are major water pollutants. These are termed as direct contamination sources. In urban areas, such direct sources contaminate drinking water. Therefore, many countries have taken stringent measures to prevent drinking water pollution. The governments of developed nations have enacted several legislations to prevent industries and factories from discharging their chemical effluents into water sources. Despite these steps, water contamination still continues in most countries (Rubin). Water is chiefly contaminated by the activities of humans.

Hermes watches-segmentation targeting and positioning Research Paper

Hermes watches-segmentation targeting and positioning - Research Paper Example Markets are made up of numerous segments. Consumers portray different preference, characteristics and buying behaviour. The varying mindset of consumers is determined by many market-based factors. Marketers refer to the heterogeneous market characterised by customer behaviour to divide markets into segments; a process referred to as market segmentation. Therefore, market segmentation can be defined as the division of market into homogenous groups of consumers, in reference to the variables reflected in the marketing mix (West, Ford and Ibrahim, 2006). Marketing strategies are determined by product, price, place, promotion, people, processes and physical evidence. The difference between customers belonging to different market segments is minute. Individual segments should be evaluated through reference to a targeted marketing mix. Market segmentation helps in taking care of the homogenous groups of buyers. The key variables used in segmenting the watch markets include demographic segm entation, geographic segmentation, psychological segmentation, and psychographic segmentation (Dibb and Simkin, 2001). Geographic segmentation involves dividing the market into geographic units such as neighbourhoods, cities, regions and counties. Geographical segmentation factor is crucial in the marketing of the luxurious Hermes watches as customers are located in distant locations. The most strategic location for the marketing stalls for Hermes watches is urban areas. The immense population density creates the required marketing potential. Geographical segmentation of customers will involve the consideration of factors such as region i.e. district, state and city; size of the area; population density that considers various segments depending on population size e.g. urban versus rural neighbourhoods; and climate that considers the weather of the segment. Involves evaluation of factors such as age e.g. the watches have been designed to

Health Threats From Environmental Pollutants Research Paper

Health Threats From Environmental Pollutants - Research Paper Example Evaporation of seawater has increased and this has resulted in droughts in some regions, and increased rains in other areas. Such unpredictable climatic changes have posed a threat to the economic well being of the developing countries. The rapid nature of these climatic changes has generally caught mankind on the wrong foot (Victor). Food production has been adversely affected, and the sudden and unpredictable changes in the climate have increased the mortality rate amongst those who dwell in coastal areas. It is the principal objective of the Kyoto agreement to countenance these challenges. This agreement endeavors to engender better cooperation between countries, in order to reduce global warming. Nevertheless, the fact remains that the Kyoto agreement is just an initial, though significant, step in this direction and several such agreements have to be implemented (Victor). There are several factors that contribute to water pollution. There are direct and indirect contamination sources, which act as contributory causes for water contamination. For instance, the effluents from industries and factories directly contribute to water contamination. Chemical treatment plants and chemical production units are major water pollutants. These are termed as direct contamination sources. In urban areas, such direct sources contaminate drinking water. Therefore, many countries have taken stringent measures to prevent drinking water pollution. The governments of developed nations have enacted several legislations to prevent industries and factories from discharging their chemical effluents into water sources. Despite these steps, water contamination still continues in most countries (Rubin). Water is chiefly contaminated by the activities of humans.

JD Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

JD Power - Essay Example Now, how does one define the specific market segments of JD Power consumers? Basically, the company provides pertinent market research to its clients spanning a myriad of different industries, including automotives, real estate, insurance, and telecommunications. If it is to be broken down, the company has two main target markets – everyday consumers and corporate business entities. Everyday consumers utilize the customer satisfaction ratings and market research studies of the company in order to make better- informed decisions regarding their purchases and transactions, using the culled consumer information data as a reference point. They make use of the service by simply going to the company’s consumer website, where they can look for the specific industry that concerns them at the moment. From there, the market research data and research surveys would be readily available for instant viewing. Consumers in all likelihood use the product every time they are in need of a figure-backed opinion concerning an upcoming purchase. They could compare how the product or service stacked up in the court of public opinion, and could use it as an additional tool towards making an informed and well-researched decision. Corporations and businesses make up the other major market segment of the company. They seek the consumer data culled by JD Power for their own internal use. The companies buy the comprehensive research provided by JD Power and utilize it in accordance with their own business interests.2 This is a process that occurs every time a new product or service is launched; the companies would want to know how it is received in the marketplace. Armed with this information , these client companies would be well-informed as to what their succeeding strategies would be. Now, why did JD Power and Associates choose to concentrate on these two main target markets? Obviously the consumers do not pay anything for the research that is

Current Issues in Visual Arts Education Essay Example for Free

Current Issues in Visual Arts Education Essay Reading has always been a part of my life. So do playing. Play in the sense of enjoying our life. What I hate most is formality, a life exist without freedom. Then I combined these two interests into one, to study about something fun, and can benefit others too. The study of literature has consumed most of my waking moments. Of course, I have done other things, but the more I have explored the more connections I see between the written page and the world in which I live in. How I realize I am the same with others, too. I think I am master enough naming and knowing the Malay traditional games that exist till now, but I am wrong. The daily games like ram-ram rip, rangkai-rangkai periuk, da da ko, cak lerang benang emas, tebang-tebang tebuk, ting-ting gula batu is already alien to me while I am searching the literature. However, the more I learn, the more I realize what I do not know. Actually, my thesis writing was under supervision of one kind-hearted professor of my school, which was under Research Methodology subject that I took last semester. She really influenced me in guiding the do and don’t in thesis writing. Her positive comments often play in my minds and always keep me awake. It is such a reflection to me. Although reflections are difficult to look into because we see what was lacking and what was missing, but I always feel relieved and more focused after seeking her advises. On the other hand, nothing could be more valuable. I have constructed this paper to reflect a dynamic process in writing my thesis. That is when I write a paper, it is not necessary I should be sitting in front of my computer, but rather I have to jot down what are appears in my mind on a piece of paper, otherwise it should left undone anywhere it could be. Hence, looking back at saved articles and references has often inspired me to expand upon an idea in completing the thesis writing. Thus, I have included list of articles for references, followed by the more polished works that have grown out them, with minimal faultlessly. I hope so. Statement of Research Problem and Research Objectives The reason why I as a researcher, trying to dig the problem of Malay traditional games because I realize that these games has been disappearing in our Malaysian community. As we know, Malaysian’s strong sense of community is reflected in many of their traditional games and pastimes. With the multicultural Malaysia, the traditional games especially among the Malays developed over a period of many centuries in the wake of important cultural influences. Some of the oldest surviving Malay traditional games like the real congkak and wau bulan still exist, but it is hardly to find one while newly developed games consoles explore brand new gaming style nowadays. Consciously or not, by the 80th era the existence of Malay traditional games is already faded out . For some concerns, traditional game augmentation aims at adding new value and playful features to a traditional game with keeping its original looks-and feel (Yamabe, Iwata, Shichinohe, and Nakajima) is the best way to keep the originality from disappear especially from the eyes of the new generation. I still remember my lists of childhood’s games. But have we ever thought that our children ever experience sitting in a circle on a wooden hut near paddy field to play batu seremban? Do they manage to collect every players shoe to build a cone-like shoe pyramid while playing tuju kasut? Or hiding under a huge tree near the bushes and get bitten by army of ants while playing aci sembunyi or hide and seek? Children are missing out of the benefits of traditional games that their parents and grandparents played in their childhood (Casbergue and Kieff ). More children are engaged in solitary games such as computer games, portable play station and other high-tech portable devices such as iPad. With the changes of time, many of the traditional games cherished by generations have their own history. Sometimes we are not even care where does it come from, including me. If I am not the researcher of this study, I think I don’t even bother about the history of congkak. The game of congkak, for example, is a mancala game of Malay origin where the oldest mancala game boards were found in a ruined fort of Roman Egypt and date back to the 4th century AD. There are frequent references to the game of marbles in Roman literature; precursors to modern-day marbles, spheres or flint, stone or baked clay have been found in archaeological sites around the world. Another popular traditional games, playing kites or ‘wau’ is believed to have been derived from the Arabic letter ‘wau’, because the shape of the wings resemble the outline of that particular Arabic letter. Of course as we played the traditional games, we were totally unaware of their long traditions. Especially for young children, they were simply having fun the same with generations before us without noticing the important part of inner value; preserving the games for the future. Traditional games are very significant in Malay cultural heritage. When we talk about something traditionally, at the same time it will reflect the culture. They reflect the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Malay forefathers in creating their own games by using inexpensive materials for their pastimes and recreations. These indigenous games are fun, and developing strong social skills among children. Lack of exposures from early ages of the children will affects the identity and originality of the traditional games. Nevertheless, future generation have no chances to explore the games if most of these traditional games faded out. According to (Akbari, Abdoli and Shafizadeh, pg. 123-129), traditional games have humanity and cultural values, beliefs translate by these from one lineage to other. These games were forgotten as a result of industrialization in recent years. As the thesis writing is upon completion of masters degree in education field, I tried to look at the issue from the angle of Malaysian education system. The implementation of traditional games into the syllabus is still lacking except for the Physical and Health Education subject specifically in primary schools. Furthermore, only a small part being inserted into the Preschool Curriculum under the thematic subject, Tunjang Kesihatan dan Kecergasan. These games, although simple, have cultural and social value and encourage children to exercise their ingenuity, especially in fostering team spirit in school and in the neighborhood. Three years back, I was a preschool teacher in my school. While doing this thesis, it jogs my memory when teaching the kids. Seriously, they were very excited at that time when I asked them to play galah panjang and baling getah. And as usual, they were asking me to play the same games the next day. Another interesting experience to share was during teacher’s day celebration in 2012. Both teachers and students were requested to compete in galah panjang games at that day. The best part was female need to wear kain batik while the male will wear kain pelekat. Everyone was having so much fun. Thus, I came out with the idea in order to preserving the true identity of Malay traditional games towards the students. I hereby conducted a case study research to implement the effects of applying Malay traditional games in the classroom for a group selection of primary school students. The application of these games wills actually results into the cognitive skills and the learning styles of students, also in teaching and learning environment in the classroom. As a result, I make the case that educational games can impact in the developing world. Significance and Limitation of the Study I am not suggesting that these games should replace existing explicit teaching strategies or supplant instructional time. My concerns are to improvise the teaching and learning style in our education by applying a new fun and interesting method while learning. The children are most likely to have peer interactions without teachers input by learning about the culture of childhood from their peers, not their parents or teachers. According to (Casbergue and Kieff), making traditional games available in the classroom could give children the opportunity to develop intellectual and physical skills within a supportive environment. An important void in the existing research literature would also be filled. This fact alone makes this research very significant. In addition, we have to remember that social skills are culturally based. Therefore, it is important for teachers to understand and be sensitive to the culturally based behaviors of students and use a variety of activities to foster acceptance of individual differences. They also can show students how to play ethnic games and encourage students to play in groups (Church, Gottschalk and Leddy). The study will then shows the importance of preserving the original identity of Malay traditional games from faded out. One of the goals of this both quantitative and qualitative research is to study the process of playing Malay traditional games and number of repetition within a certain period. I know that is important to note that the name and process may vary from one practices to another, as many version of games rules and how-to-play version, which could not be controlled by me. Sometimes, it may create confusedness among players. Brief Review on Malay Traditional Games People may see that traditional game is a simple thing, but actually traditional games are valuable elements of a culture. Their inventions show how creative the humans are, a combination with high imagination. It is such a precious heritage to be preserved and imply with the history of its creation. Furthermore, it is hard to find the true inventors of the games and how it is evolved. I have never thought who are the one created konda-kondi, tuju kasut and dam aji. This kind of heritage is a basis where a human group funds its identity, its projects for the future, its memory, its history, its fears, its desires. When people lose this untouchable, fragile fragment of their culture, then they will lose their reason for living, their past and their future (Civallero). Traditional games are a sort of intangible cultural heritage with its richness of Malay cultural values and ethics. Normally, the original version of traditional games had been manipulated by the oral from one to another. This effects the exaggeration of the true identity of traditional games itself. Traditional Malay games usually require craft skills and manual dexterity and can be traced their origins since the days of Melaka Sultanate. Sepak raga and kite flying are among traditional games that were mentioned in the Malay Annals being played by nobilities and royalties of the Malay Sultanate (Ooi). I think we should discuss on few numbers of existing Malay traditional games surround us. Firstly is ‘Dam Impit’. The purpose of this game is for players to test their expertise and brains to collect as many as opponent’s dam and getting close to opponent side of the dam’s table. Playing Dam Impit helps the player to sharpen their thinking skills, capable to develop their patience and discipline among the players (Nasarah and Nasarah). Children can play this game on free time. Adults also make this game as their spare time hobby. Secondly is Cuit Bintik. It is a very fun game to play. In certain places they call this game as Orang Ganjil Kena Cuit. The rules of the game is whoever had been touched by others at certain part of the body need to become the ‘toucher’ while holding their particular part of body and chasing for the next victim (Nasarah and Nasarah). According to (Nasarah and Nasarah ), Jarum Mas is one type of recreational game, not in a form of competition. Players can enjoy the game with one of the main character in the game as the ghost or ‘hantu’. The role of ‘hantu’ is to look after the treasures in the drawn circle. Player who had been caught by ‘hantu’ will become the next ‘hantu’ and the game will be repeated over again. For me, this one is a very interesting game to play. The game represents the culture of sending kuih to neighbors that has always been a practice to Malay people since a very long time ago. Traditionally, the kuih was made by the mother or the family members during Ramadhan or fasting month for break fast. In the research by (Nasarah and Nasarah), there is a game called ‘hantar kuih’ , often play by the boys at night of the fasting month. The game is plays for the whole month, consisting two groups A and B. The group will send the kuih secretly with name taken and wrote in a piece of paper. Whoever had been caught by the opponent will lose. By the end of the month, all players will forgive one another during Hari Raya. This kind of game test the level of children’s speed from chasing by other players and how to avoid themselves from been caught by enemies. (Nasarah Nasarah) said players who had been touched by the chaser need to sit squat until just one player left. The sitting playing is considered as died, and the only one player left will be the winner. The Malays also have a variant of Mancala board games known as Congkak Lubang Sepuluh or Congkak Lubang Dua Puluh. The game is played by moving stones, marbles, beads or shells around a wooden board consisting of twelve or more holes. At my time, my friends and me often play using marbles. Traditionally, (Nasarah Nasarah) said the real ambience to play congkak is on the ground with players wearing sarungs. The function of wearing sarungs are much easier for the players to collect marbles to put in Rumah Ibu. Rumah Ibu is the two big holes dig on the ground with optional numbers of Lubang Rumah Anak. I ever had this kind of experiences during my childhood. The ambience playing under our wooden house was really incredible and amazing. At this time, I don’t know that congkak has a different name too. Historically, mancala or congkak is acknowledged as the oldest game in the world, with variety versions of playing rules depending on the culture of the player. Its origin is traced from Ancient Egypt. As the game dispersed around the globe, every culture has invented its own variation including the Malays. It is common to assume that digital games are something of a new phenomenon. In fact, historians on digs and discover of ancient records all over the world have been able to blow this assumption right out of the water. Many of the forms of traditional games that we see today have been around the centuries, even as earlier since ancient Egypt. Time passes as well as the traditional ways of gaming for the children. As they keep themselves entertained, the generation of video consoles and touch screen are now at the forefront (Boyajian). Nowadays, highly advanced gadgets packed the markets and as time goes by, they are becoming more and more advanced. If once upon a time, the traditional games still can easily be seen played by village boys and girls, in rural or sub urban area. Rarely now, the situation are not the same when the village boys and girls are exposed to technology, to suit with the changes of era. So, where are the traditional games for the Malays? I often asking myself about this, and sometimes I asked my circle of friends, family whereby why it is hard to find one now? Are they also aware of it? Are they realizing the disappearance of our one of the most valuable cultural values too? Just like ‘the evolution’ of society was imagined as a one-way transformation from tradition to modernity (Eichberg). Yes, we can’t deny modernization, but must the tradition being abandoned? Perhaps, not. Research Methodology and Analysis My real concern about the study is actually to investigate the Malay traditional games practices in classroom. The research methodology chosen for this study contain a number of selected gaming activities in classroom, loosely based on the research written by four researchers from different universities under the same disciplines. (1)Matthew Kam (Human-Computer interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA, (2) Akhil Mathur and (3) Anuj Kumar both from Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology, Gujarat, India, and (4) John Canny (Computer Science Division and Berkeley Institute of Design, University of California, Berkeley, USA. The title of the study is ‘Designing Digital Games for Rural Children: A Study of Traditional Village Games in India. This is the best article I’ve found to assist me in writing this study, as it’s quite hard to find related scholarly articles or journals about the study. Again, I am not to design a game, but I am investigating the appropriateness either the implementation of Malay traditional games in classroom is suitable to be applied during teaching and learning or not, in any subjects not specifically in Visual Art Education subject. Conducting the study means that I am finding the best methods and relevant ideas for teachers to apply it in classrooms. Mixed method of quantitative and qualitative case study approach is used for the investigation. The intention of this study is to exemplary the research methodology adopted for the study, which is a case study design. According to Merriam states that case study is â€Å"often the best methodology when understanding is sought in order to improve practice† (as cited in Zeyad ). Case study investigations â€Å"can explain the reason for a problem, the background of a situation, what happened and why†. A case study designed is employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the situation and meaning for those involved. The interest is in discovery rather than confirmation (as cited in Zeyad ). At the first place, I thought descriptive design is the best and safer way for doing research, but after gone through few steps ahead my research, I found that case study is the best to carry mine. Besides exemplary the case research done by (Kam et. al ), I also had conducted a preliminary investigation called pilot study as well as the literature survey. The pilot study is pointed to the process of inducting theory using case studies- from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Besides carried out as a trial study, this pilot study also assisted me in testing the feasibility, reliability and validity of the design. I then selected a number of samples to carry out the pre-test, or in easier words to play the Malay traditional games inside a classroom before the actual investigation is done. I then used the information gathered in pilot studies to refine or improve my research or evaluation procedure being piloted before it is used on a larger scale. This internal pilot study was established through a variety of ways (1) I had approached school directly via headmaster or teachers or management itself to seek permission on conducting the small scale research internally, (2)I had work ‘in partnership’ with the students and interested teachers in contributing to the research, and (3)I drew on personal and professional contacts to set up projects with colleagues who are already aware of game-based learning specifically in traditional and digital ways. Clearly, implementing a game in a teaching and learning session is risky. Either the learning objectives can be achieved or it can be left undone. To design a game that combining a traditional game and completely match the understanding of students while playing, good data collection methods will be more culturally meaningful to rural students. Although I am not designing the game, but at least I am already have in my mind that traditional games might not be playing in traditional ways only, but we can suit with the current modernization. It just how creative the teachers’ are, to add up some spice in their teaching methods. I conducted an initial focus group interview for the student during the pilot study. I asked the participants to recall the everyday games that they love to play for us to videotape. I got a tremendous response from the participants saying their favorite everyday games, including both traditional and digital games. From the feedback, I hypothesized that they still know the Malay traditional games is still exist. I then conducted four methods of data collections which are (1) combination of semi-structured and unstructured interviews, (2) participant observation, (3) follow-up questionnaires and (4) collection of documents with the participants. All gathered information will be recorded for transcribing in data analysis. By using the different methods of data collections, a cross check data will assist in interpretation of data gathered later. Generally for semi-structured and unstructured interview, close-ended and open-ended questions will be asked in order to allow the participants to create options for responding on the current research topic. Participants can also voice their experiences and perspectives on the research area without boundary. They are free to talk and voice out their opinion in order to make the session is more fun, interactive and meaningful. The participant observation will allow me to role as the participant observer during the activities being held. But the observational roles can be changed later to suit with the activities conducted. Additional data came from the participant’s responses to follow-up questionnaires developed specifically to obtain answers to new questions raised after the initial interview data had been analyzed. These follow-up questionnaires were also used to clarify initial answers and verify interview findings. Public and private records will be a good source of text data in assisting the study. Permission was obtained before using the documents.

Human Resource Activities at McDonalds

Human Resource Activities at McDonalds Under this recruitment and selection policy, each restaurant is responsible to recruit hourly paid Positions and management recruitment department in East Finchley, London co-ordinates for recruiting the manager positions. McDonalds UK has own recruitment team who initially invite applicants for interview by assessing the online base exam. This team is working efficiently to find out right people with right skill at right time. McDonalds uses best method to fill their current vacancies such as Crew Member, Customer Care Assistant, Manager, etc. All vacancies are advertised on their own website, www.mcdcareers.co.uk . Also it recruits people by the help of local job centre and agencies. People, who interest to a particular position, have to create an account on this website after that by searching suitable vacancies he/she can apply by initial online psychometric test. This test procedure is an initial score. Person who cannot access the internet for them McDonalds has direct hotline. In this process suitable applicants are sent e-mail for interview and OJE (on job evaluation) at that restaurant where applicant applied. This assessment is being assessed for two days by Business Manager. Candidate, who successfully completes the OJE, is invited for final interview after that Manager decides whether or not to hire the applicant. Then all the successful applicants are invited for induction. On the day of induction person have to show documents that s/he is allow working in the UK according to Asylum and immigration Act 1996. And on this day employees are shown some video slide regarding McDonalds, which are given bellow. Job roles Food hygiene and safety training Policies and procedure Employee Benefits Training and development After that new employee are sent to restaurant to meet with trainee. McDonalds operates three weeks probationary period. In this time employees are assessed according to performance and are either retain or have their employment terminated. Objectives of Recruitments and Selection McDonalds recruits dynamic and talent people to meet with customers satisfaction and keep their reputation at high position. To fill up vacancies for running business. To ensure equal opportunity. Motivation and Employee benefits People are important resource of an organisation. Motivation is a process by which employees are influenced to achieve the organisational objectives. Nowadays experienced managers realise that financial reward cannot be the only kind of motivation because some people like money, some like personality. Management of McDonalds emphasise on three components to motivate the people such as financial, non financial encourage, and social policy. Maslows motivation theory includes all this factors. Maslow states that all the needs must be fulfilled one after another. McDonalds allows the all employees to participate in the decision making and Restaurant Manager select the employee of the month by assessing performance of the employee in a month then s/he is rewarded  £25. Also Manager inspires employees for working fast. Employee benefits are given below: Saving with employee discount: All employees get discount on purchase from over 1600 retailers in the UK. Maternity leave/Pay. Open door policy: Committed to all employees so they enjoy career with McDonalds. Crew room PC and internet facility. Every one opinion is valued. Objectives of Motivation To achieve the organisational goals. To get best service from employee. To recognise the performance of employee. Training and Development Each restaurant of McDonalds promises to deliver high standards of service and cleanliness to customers. Management of McDonalds believe that well trained employee can deliver these standards. McDonalds provides comprehensive training program for all employees. It allows the merit based promotion. Welcome meeting is the first stage of training. At restaurant crew trainers work shoulder to shoulder with trainees while they learn the operational skill necessary for running each of the 11 work starting in each restaurant, from the front counter to the grill area. All employees are developed by the effective training so that they can serve the customers quickly, operate equipments and learn McDonalds operational procedure. Most of the training at McDonalds is floor based or on job training because this procedure is very effective to develop them. People learn more and more likely retain information if they physically. McDonalds provides an initial training periods for all new employee, h ere every employee learn how they can develop their skills. Also it has effective crew development program. Also it has e-learning system for all employees. For e-learning employee can access www.ourlounge.co.uk. This company provides management develop program which are divided into four: a) Shift Management, b) System Management, c) Restaurant Leadership, d) Business Most departments in the regional office offer restaurant managers opportunities to second to work in the regional office. This gives experienced manager the opportunity to develop and learn new skills. Objectives of Training and Development To improve the performance of employee. To integrated with human resource management practice. To meet with current change. How human resource activities are achieved McDonalds achieves the above mentioned activities by its experienced, talent and dynamic restaurant managers. Still recruitment process of McDonalds is best in fast food world because of on job evaluation. Moreover, McDonalds provides on job training to develop the employees and allow equal opportunity to all employees for achieving the organisational goal. Theoretical models of human resource management Human resource strategy is generally behaviour based. There are lots of human resource models associated with such processes: The Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model The Harvard Model The Warwick model Guests model etc The Fombrun, Tchy and Devanna model of HRM This earliest human resource management model is developed by Fombrun et al (1984). This model emphasizes the interrelatedness and the coherence of human resource management activities. In this model there are four key components: selection, appraisal, development and reward (Fig: 1). these four human resource management activities aims to increase the organisational performance. This model has been criticised as being too simplistic because it only focuses on four components. It also ignores stake holder interest, situational factors and notion of managements strategic choice. McDonalds follows all activities of this model to get best performance from employees. But McDonalds considers other factors, such as situational factor, stake holder interest and so on, to keep their position at top. The Harvard model This model was developed by Beer, Spector, Lawrence, Mills and Walton in 1984. This model contains six components; stakeholders interests, Situational factors, Human resource management policy choices, Human resource outcomes, Long term consequences and a feedback loop (Fig: 2). Stakeholder interest can persuade the employee performance. Situational factors are environmental factors which influence managements choice of human resource strategy. HRM policy choices emphasises that managements decisions and action take into account both constraints and choices. HR outcome identifies specific employee behaviours which are considered desirable including commitment and high individual performance leading to cost-effective products or services. There is a basic assumption that human being possess talents that are really used at work and that they show a desire experience growth through work. Long term consequences take three perspectives into account: The individual well being Organisational effectiveness Social well being The feedback loop reflects how HRM policy choices are affected by stakeholder interest and environmental factors and how both are influenced by HR outcomes. This model has gained some popularity in the UK but also some criticism in that it identifies desirable HR outcomes that may not have universal appeal as they generally assume an American view of success. Task 2 HR planning and development Traditional definitions and approaches to man power planning tended to delimit and define it as a central personnel activity which attempts to reconcile an organisations need for labour with available supply in local and international labour markets. In essence, manpower planners initially seek to estimate their current and future employment needs and, like the analogy sometimes made with the practice of navigation, uses scientific method in applying his knowledge and skills. Within the limit of equipment available, in order to establish first his position and then his best possible course and speed, with a view to arriving at a chosen destination by the most suitable route. (Smith 1976 : 16). Every organisation have own model for human resource planning and development. Strategy planning model is very important to keep the organisation reputation at best place and meet with the organisational goals. Here I would like to write about the planning models of a McDonalds restaurant. The basic HR planning model Here in this model (Fig: 3) steps 1 and 5 is strategic human resource planning. Restaurant Manager plans to achieve the organisational objectives. Under this model manager forecast and analyze feasible. And steps 2, 3 and 4 is operational human resource planning such as requirements of human resource and human resource program are designed around what organisational goal. This program analyzes the effectiveness and efficiency of initiatives managed by the human resource department including compensation, benefits, training, staffing etc. In McDonalds restaurant employees are very happy with various benefits example for employee discount card, holyday payment and so on. This model is very effective because all planning is designed for achieving organisational objectives. According to this model manager can analyze on probability of future requirements. The best fit HR planning model This model (Fig: 3) involves on new product line, developing staff, recruitment to meet with new objectives of organisation. McDonalds every year opening new branches in the UK. Managers of McDonalds may apply this planning model to perform their human resource activities. This is the unique planning model for human resource management, which covers all activities from installation of an organisation to its objectives. This model is very effective model for long term and short term human resource planning because it discuss on labour requirement, availability and feasibility. Forecasting demand and supply model In some cases demand and supply of human resources can be forecasted. Here demand means the number and character (abilities, pay levels and skills) of employees needed for a particular job, a particular time and a particular place. Human resource supply means the number of people who are available for particular job. In terms of McDonalds, there are lots of international student are working as a part-time employee. After finishing their study some students leave the UK and some students get post study work permit that is why McDonalds has employee turnover like other organisation. For this reason administration of McDonalds takes strategic planning to reduce employee turnover and recruit employees. According to demand forecasting administration predicts who will leave the job and create vacancies, which job will be eliminated and which one will be created. This model is very effective, if any organisation follows this model, it will not face with any problem about employee shorter. McDonalds may use this model that is why it can fill up vacancy at right time with right skills. Task 3 Performance Performance management is a part of human resource function and one of the key processes that helps the employees know that their contribution are recognised. Performance management is continues process of communication between supervisor and employee that occurs throughout the year, in support of accomplishing the organisational goals. This process includes clarifying expectation, setting goals, identifying goals, providing feedback and evaluating result. HR performance management at McDonalds Restaurant McDonalds has effective motivation system to improve the employees performance. At McDonalds restaurant performance management are operated by restaurant manager. In each restaurant manager is responsible for monitoring employees performance. This process is continues throughout the year, restaurant manager select employee of the month according to employees performance within a month. After that, employee of the month is awarded by restaurant manager. And he/she is given  £ 25 reward. And manager selects employee of the quarter. Then employee progress to operation manager. Moreover, manager arranges CSO (customer satisfaction opportunity) competition among different teams within the restaurant and among restaurant as well for monitoring performance. Furthermore, overall performance of restaurant is monitored by GAPbuster on monthly basis. Here, GAPbuster is a person who has good knowledge in the field of customer experienced management. In each month GAPbuster visits restaurant as a customer to check quality of food, how friendly the employee, accuracy of service, service time and cleanliness. According to these points GApbuster scores to the restaurant. This process is very effective because all employees within this organisation try to do best to be employee of the month and managers are always monitor the performance of staff to get 100 percent score from GAPbuster. Being a Crew Member of McDonalds, I know that manager and supervisor always communicate with all employees to know about their needs. In restaurant we work together as a team and manager always gives hands to any employee. In my opinion, if this process was weekly basis, performance of employees would be better than the current process. Conclusion Being a Crew Member of McDonalds restaurant in Archway, London, I found some positive activities such as employee relation, recruitment process, training system, motivation system and team work, at restaurant, which may keep the McDonalds at top position. Managers are very friendly with employees to solve any difficulty in work. Manager shares all things with the employees by arranged regular basis meeting. And restaurant manager wish the birth day to all employees and arrange party on various occasions. In short manager to Crew all work together to get customers satisfactions and achieve the organisational goals. Recommendation McDonalds always tries to do best for its employees. Yet, I have some recommendations regarding human resource management in McDonalds restaurant. It is seen that most of the restaurant managers have no first degree. McDonalds should recruit people, who have at least first degree on business management for manager post. Moreover, In the UK based McDonalds restaurant, employees ages less than 22 are given  £ 4.87 per hour and age 22+ are given  £5.82 per hour but all employees contribute same for McDonalds. My last recommendation, all employees should be given same wages.